Students will also be able to solve problems using Newton's second law (single force), Newton's first law (multiple forces, weight), Newton's third law (normal force, kinetic and static friction); solve 2-D force problems and examples of these problems; solve inclined plane and examples of inclined plane; explain and apply principles of uniform circular motion, centripetal force and acceleration, period, centripetal versus centrifugal force, and the force and acceleration of gravity, as well as gravity and orbits; connect work, including positive and negative work, work and energy, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, mechanical energy, energy problems with and without work, and power;discuss momentum, impulse, conservation of momentum, collisions, inelastic collisions, and recoil; and compare fluids, pressure, pressure and depth, buoyant force, and flow rate.
Students will be able to measure heat, temperature, thermal expansion, heat and temperature change, calorimetry, phase change, measuring gases, behavior of gases, and the first law of thermodynamics; convey interaction of oscillations, Hooke's Law, simple harmonic motion, period and frequency, oscillation of pendulums, waves, wave properties, interference, standing waves, and the standing wave equation; compare and contrast sound waves, sound properties, and the speed of sound, as well as string instruments, open pipes, and closed pipes; identify and connect light waves, color, the electromagnetic spectrum, reflection, index of refraction, refraction, and internal refraction; and investigate lenses and images, ray tracing, a convex lens with a real image, magnification, and a convex lens with a virtual image.
Finally, students will be able to measure electric charges, Coulob's Law, force from multiple charges, electric field, electric potential energy, electric potential, and potential difference; calculate electric current and circuits, resistance and Ohm's Law, simple circuits, electric power, series and parallel, and series and parallel resistors; and integrate concepts involving magnetic forces, magnetic fields, magnetic field from a current and from current loops, and magnetic force on moving charges.